What are the types of pumps？

There are many types of water pumps. In principle, it can be divided into pneumatic pump, centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, mixed flow pump, screw pump and so on. The most used is the centrifugal pump.

Pneumatic pumps rely on atmospheric pressure to raise the water level. With the movement of the piston, an approximate vacuum is created, and the water is forced up by the external atmospheric pressure. This pump has a limited height to lift water because it depends on atmospheric pressure.

The principle of centrifugal pump is centrifugal phenomenon. It relies on the rotation of the impeller blades to generate centrifugal action to throw the liquid out. Therefore, the conveying effect depends on the impeller speed, diameter and other factors.

Functional characteristics of centrifugal pump and submersible pump and how to cooperate

Submersible pumps can be placed underwater, and centrifugal pumps can be placed on the ground, and the size should be the diameter of the pipe they are connected to.

1. Submersible pump

A very versatile water treatment tool. The difference from ordinary water pumps is that they work underwater, while most water pumps work on the ground.

How submersible pumps work

Before starting the pump, the suction pipe and the pump must be filled with liquid. After the pump is turned on, the impeller rotates at a high speed, and the liquid in it rotates with the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, it flies away from the impeller and is ejected outward. The ejected liquid gradually slows down in the diffusion chamber of the pump casing, and the pressure gradually increases. Outlet, the discharge pipe flows out. At this time, a vacuum low-pressure area with neither air nor liquid is formed at the center of the blade due to the liquid being thrown around. The liquid in the liquid pool flows into the pump through the suction pipe under the action of the atmospheric pressure on the pool surface, and the liquid is thus continuous. It is continuously sucked up from the liquid pool and continuously flows out of the discharge pipe.

Basic parameters of submersible pump

Including flow, head, pump speed, supporting power, rated current, efficiency, pipe diameter, etc. The main purpose and scope of application of submersible pumps

Including construction and construction drainage, water and agricultural irrigation and drainage, industrial water cycle, water supply for urban and rural residents, and even emergency rescue and disaster relief, etc.

⒉ Centrifugal pump

Centrifugation of Southern Pump Industry is actually a manifestation of the inertia of the object. For example, the water droplets on the umbrella, when the umbrella rotates slowly, the water droplets will rotate with the umbrella. This is because the friction between the umbrella and the water droplets acts as the centripetal force for the water droplets. But if the umbrella rotates Speed ​​up, the friction force is not enough to make the water droplets move in a circular motion, then the water droplets will move away from the umbrella and move towards the outer edge. It is like pulling a stone with a rope to make a circular motion, if the speed is too fast, the rope will be broken and the stone The chunks will fly out. This is called centrifugation.

The centrifugal pump is designed based on this principle. The high-speed rotating impeller blades drive the water to rotate, and the water is thrown out, so as to achieve the purpose of conveying.

There are many kinds of centrifugal pumps. They can be divided into civil and industrial pumps in terms of use, and can be divided into clean water pumps, impurity pumps, and corrosion-resistant pumps in terms of conveying media.

The basic structure of centrifugal pump is composed of six parts, namely: impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearing, sealing ring, stuffing box.

1. The impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump. It has a high speed and a large output. The blades on the impeller play a major role. The impeller must pass a static balance test before assembly. The inner and outer surfaces on the impeller are required to be smooth to reduce the frictional loss of the water flow.

2. The pump body is also called the pump casing, which is the main body of the pump. It plays the role of supporting and fixing, and is connected with the bracket on which the bearing is installed. Southern Pump Industry

3. The function of the pump shaft is to connect the motor with the coupling and transmit the torque of the motor to the impeller, so it is the main component for transmitting mechanical energy.

4. The bearing is a component that is sleeved on the pump shaft to support the pump shaft. There are two kinds of rolling bearings and sliding bearings. Rolling bearings use tallow as a lubricant. Generally, the volume of 2/3~3/4 is too much, and it will generate heat. If it is too small, it will make noise and heat! Sliding bearings use transparent oil as lubricant. Refuel to the oil level. Wire. Too much oil will seep out and float along the pump shaft, and too few bearings will overheat and burn out, causing an accident! During the operation of the pump, the temperature of the bearing is up to 85 degrees and generally runs around 60 degrees. If it is too high, find the cause. (Whether there are impurities, whether the oil is black, whether there is water) and deal with it in time!

5. The sealing ring is also called the leakage reducing ring. If the gap between the impeller inlet and the pump casing is too large, the water in the high-pressure area of ​​the pump will flow to the low-pressure area through this gap, which will affect the water output of the pump and reduce the efficiency! If the gap is too small, the impeller and the pump casing will be rubbed and worn. In order to increase the backflow resistance, reduce internal leakage, and delay the service life of the impeller and the pump casing, a sealing ring is installed at the joint between the inner edge of the pump casing and the impeller external aid, and the sealing gap should be kept between 0.25~1.10mm.

6. The stuffing box is mainly composed of packing, water sealing ring, packing cylinder, packing gland and water sealing tube. The function of the stuffing box is mainly to close the gap between the pump casing and the pump shaft, so that the water flow in the pump does not flow to the outside and the outside air does not enter the pump. Always keep the vacuum in the pump! When the pump shaft and the packing rub against the heat star, the water seal tube must be used to hold the water into the water seal ring to cool the packing! Keep the pump running normally. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the inspection of the stuffing box during the patrol inspection of the pump! The stuffing should be replaced after about 600 hours of operation.

How a centrifugal pump works

The working principle of the centrifugal pump is: relying on the high-speed rotating impeller, the liquid obtains energy under the action of inertial centrifugal force to increase the pressure. Before the pump works, the pump body and the water inlet pipe must be filled with water to prevent cavitation. When the impeller rotates rapidly, the blades make the water rotate quickly, and the rotating water flies away from the impeller under the action of centrifugal force. After the water in the pump is thrown out, the central part of the impeller forms a vacuum area. The water in the water source is pressed into the water inlet pipe through the pipe network under the action of atmospheric pressure (or water pressure). This cycle is endless, and continuous pumping can be achieved. It is worth mentioning here that the centrifugal pump must be filled with water before starting, otherwise it will cause the pump body to heat up, vibrate, reduce the water output, and cause damage to the pump (referred to as "cavitation"). Cause equipment accident! The so-called cavitation means: when the centrifugal pump is started, if there is air in the pump, due to the low density of the air, the centrifugal force generated after rotation is very small, so the low pressure formed in the central area of ​​the impeller is not enough to reduce the liquid level. The phenomenon that the liquid below the pump inlet is sucked into the pump and cannot be transported.

There are many types of centrifugal pumps, and the common classification methods are as follows:

1. According to the suction method of the impeller: single-suction centrifugal pump double-suction centrifugal pump;

2. According to the number of impellers: single-stage centrifugal pump multi-stage centrifugal pump;

3. According to the impeller structure: open impeller centrifugal pump, semi-open impeller centrifugal pump, closed impeller centrifugal pump;

4. According to the working pressure: low pressure centrifugal pump, medium pressure centrifugal pump, high pressure centrifugal pump;

5. According to the position of the pump shaft: horizontal centrifugal pump and vertical centrifugal pump.

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